Remember, Remember, the 17th of December

Remember, Remember, the 17th of December… There has been some discussion on CollegeConfidential  and in the comments on my post announcing the 12/17 12:17 EA decision release. Specifically discussion about the reasons we picked that date and time. My favorite observation comes from optimistic-mom: 1217 and 2011 are prime numbers and MIT selects prime candidates is that a reason for the date and time! While Pharyngula on CollegeConfidential mused that perhaps it is an appeal to something which happened on a historically significant December 17th. I am going to continue to keep our reasons a deep, dark secret, but following Pharyngula and using their title here are some other momentous events from history which occured on 12/17s past according to Wikipedia: 546 â€" Gothic War: The Ostrogoths of King Totila conquer Rome by bribing the Byzantine garrison. 1538 â€" Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII of England. 1777 â€" France formally recognizes the United States of America. 1790 â€" Discovery of the Aztec calendar stone. 1865 â€" First performance of the Unfinished Symphony by Franz Schubert. 1903 â€" The Wright Brothers make their first powered and heavier-than-air flight in the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1935 â€" First flight of the Douglas DC-3 airplane. 1947 â€" First flight of the Boeing B-47 Stratojet strategic bomber. 1969 â€" Project Blue Book: The United States Air Force closes its study of UFOs, stating that sightings are generated as a result of A mild form of mass hysteria, Individuals who fabricate such reports to perpetrate a hoax or seek publicity, psychopathological persons, and misidentification of various conventional objects. 1989 â€" The first episode of television series The Simpsons, Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire, airs in the United States. 2003 â€" SpaceShipOne flight 11P, piloted by Brian Binnie, makes its first supersonic flight. 2010 â€" Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire. This act became the catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution. The success of the Tunisian protests sparked protests in several other Arab countries. Some of these events Id really prefer our applicants not to emulate (please: dont set yourself on fire or conquer any bastions of civilization ushering in centuries of dark ages tomorrow, anyone). Others would not be bad examples to follow (if you want to discover an ancient Aztec stone or fly a plane you invented, go ahead). Do any of these things have anything to do with why were going live on 12/17 at 12:17? No. What they have to with is this: history is awesome.

Evaluation Methods of Public Health Education Materials - 3025 Words

Evaluation Methods of Public Health Education Materials (Coursework Sample) Content: Evaluation Methods of Public Health Education Materials Name Course Tutor University City and State Date Evaluation Methods of Public Health Education Materials Introduction The prevention of diseases among individuals and populations is a fundamental part of public health education (Jewitt et al. 2015; Peterson et al. 2012). The knowledge possessed by people in the general population has an influence on their ability to prevent the development and transmission of diseases. Efforts are made to improve the awareness and knowledge of people on the causes, transmission, prevention and treatment of diseases. When the right tools and materials are used to pass these messages, it leads to an increase in the health literacy of the population. However, for this to be effective, the right materials have to be developed to be able to pass public health messages that are valid, relevant, suitable, and comprehensible to the target audience (SÃÆ' ¸rensen et al. 2012; Strachan Booth 2015). Therefore, it is important to understand the different methods that can be used to evaluate the readability, suitability, and relevance of the education materials that are devel oped for public health education (Hansberry et al. 2014). This paper outlines some of the methods that are used to evaluate public health education materials to determine their suitability and readability. Literature Search Literature search was carried out through several databases for articles published from the year 2001 and 2016 on the methods used for evaluation of public health materials. In the JAMA journal, the search used the search strings: "evaluation methods of public health materials" and "assessment of health education materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . After retrieving and reading the abstracts, two articles were retrieved for review in this paper. The second search was carried out through the ScHARR database. The search strings used were: "readability assessment of public health education materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "evaluation of public health education materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and "suitability assessment of health education materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . These searches generated a total of 209 articles. The abstracts of these articles were retrieved and read to assess the relevance of the paper. A total of 28 article were found to be relevant and were retrieved. These were used to discuss the evalua tion methods of public health materials in this paper. Readability of Materials The measure of the difficulty in comprehension of a health education material is referred as readability. The methods of assessing the readability of an education material encompass the use of formulas to assess the language used in the development of the material (Rudd 2011; Wilson 2009). The methods evaluate the sentence structure and the difficulty of the language used in the material. The evaluation of the readability of materials is important in ascertaining whether the given public health material can be understood and followed by the target audience. Several methods are available for assessing the readability of materials but only a few are discussed (Badarudeen Sabharwal 2010; Hamby Ickes 2015). They are categorised into two major groups of computerised and hand generated methods. In evaluating the readability of public health education materials, it is recommended that one should use more than one of the methods available to be able to generate a more valid result. Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) This a method that is used to measure the difficulty of reading the text. It measures how easy a given document is to read based on the sentence length and the syllables in the words. This gives a readability score from 0 to 100, with scores nearer to 100 indicating easy while those nearer to 0 indicating that the text is difficult to read (Badarudeen Sabharwal 2010; Keogh McHugh 2013). This means that a higher Flesch reading ease score for a public health education material is an indication that the document is easy to read. This method is inversely related to the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, such that, a higher Flesch reading ease leads to a lower Flesch-Kincaid grade level. The formula for calculating the Flesch reading ease is 206.835 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1.015(total wordsÃÆ' · total sentences) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 84.6 (total syllables ÃÆ' ·total words) (Mesmer, 2008). The FRE method is used when evaluating the readability of text in a material to determine how easy or difficult the target audience will find reading the document. It is applied easily in combination with the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level to better understand the readability of the document. A study evaluating the readability of patient education materials based on the internet found they were fairly difficult to read from the FRE score. Their grade level was established at a 13.5 median based on the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (De Oliveira et al. 2015). The Flesch-Kincaid grade level is discussed in the following section. The advantage of the FRE method is that it is available widely in the Microsoft Word processor. It is also easy to use in the software. The limitation of the Flesch Reading Ease is that the score generated from the FRE analysis might pose a difficulty in interpretation as it has a negative correlation to other readability scores. It is also available only for text written in English (Badarudeen Sabharwal 2010; Mesmer 2008). Flesch-Kincaid Grade level This is a computerised method that assesses the readability of written material. It is one of the most commonly used methods that presents the general number of years required for a person to comprehend the text in the education material. This figure is presented in terms of a grade level in the United States. The method calculates the grade level of a written material with the use of a formula: 0.39(total number of words ÃÆ' ·number of sentences) + 11.8 (total number of syllables ÃÆ' ·total number of words) -15.59. This formula presents grades from zero to seventeen. It can be used to manually calculate the grade level of the education material or the computer version can be used as a better alternative. Microsoft Word software has the formula for the Flesch-Kincaid grade level measure inbuilt for its users. This method is used when testing whether the public health education material created is comprehensive for the target population. This is useful to ensure that the material can be comprehended by all the people in the population. The recommended score for the readability of education materials based on the Flesch-Kincaid grade level is fifth to sixth grade (Hill-Briggs 2012). Several studies have been carried out to evaluate public health education materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ readability. This includes the study to evaluate the readability of materials used in educating populations in low-income areas in America. The study found that the mean Flesch-Kincaid grade level for the health materials was 7.01(Wilson 2009). A different study found a mean of 11.1 for the grade level score for health information on the internet, which is greater than the recommended 5th-grade level (Polishchuk et al. 2012). To find a valid grade score for a public health education material, it is necessary to carry out a readability assessment using more than one method and analyse the results to find any significant differences between the scores (Wilson 2009). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade level method is easy to use, convenient, simple and cost-effective. It is found in installed computer word processing software including Microsoft Word, which is widely used (Mesmer 2008; Polishchuk et al. 2012). However, this method does not consider individual factors that can determine the comprehension ability of an individual including the use of pictures, tables and figures in the material. It also cannot measure an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s literacy level, which varies depending on the education, and experience of the reader (Polishchuk et al. 2012). This method has been found to underestimate the difficulty of the text (Mesmer 2008). The Fry Readability Graph This method is used to assess the readability of the text in an education written material by the use of three 100-words samples selected from the text. These samples are then analysed for the average number of syllables and sentences, which are then referred on the Fry graph to determine the grade level of the writing. Three samples of 100 words each are selected from the text. The number of sentences and syllables are then counted for each of the samples. These figures are then referred on the Fry graph with the average sentence length of each sample against the average number of syllables. The point at which these figures meet gives the grade level of the text. The Fry readability graph is used when determining the readability of text that is lengthy in terms of words. It is used to determine the reading difficulty of written material in terms of the grade level. It assesses the length of the sentences and the vocabulary difficulty as determined by the number of syllables. The assessment method is simple to use. It can be well suited to evaluate the readability of health education materials that are long in terms of content. It can be used manually to generate the readability grade of the given health material. In addition, the method can be used to assess the readability of health material that is written in different languages (Badarudeen Sabharwal 2010). It also has a high correlation with other methods of evaluating the readability of text. The disadvantage of the Fry Readability Graph methods is that it requires manual calculations since software for the calculation of the grade level are not readily available. New Dale-Chall This method was developed specifically to evaluate the readability of health materials (Badarudeen Sabharwal 2010). ...

Intercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication

Intercultural communication is defined as when people communicate with one another who have different cultures. They may differ because of their languages, beliefs, values, and behavioral characteristics (Bennett, 1998). The intercultural communication plays a key role in globalization. It will help organizations to have a long-term success if they can manage the cultural differences and intercultural cooperation effectively to conflicts. Increasing shared knowledge and dealing with miscommunication are the two main factors for having a successful intercultural communication. However, the difference in discourse systems is the most miscommunication issue that leads individuals to misunderstand and misinterpret to the contents or messages†¦show more content†¦These people need to be willing to realize the signifiers such as sounds, gestures, tones, and so on. This level also includes the basic concept of cultural diversities such as bias, ethnocentricity, and stereotype. The second level is organizing information according to stereotypes. This level is about to accept the stereotypical characteristics of new cultures. The new cultures that they face will bring them to get used to it. However, it can cause a stereotype to happen in the culture. One culture might think that all people are same in that culture. For instance, when Arabs are speaking, they like to stay close to another person. This will make another believes that all Arabs act like that. It is much more difficult if the stereotypes happen in the intercultural communication. This level has a high possibility for some people to fail at this level. The next level is to pose questions to challenge the stereotypes. They can solve the stereotypes problems by asking specific questions about other cultures. The questions need to relate to attitudes because they can increase their knowledge about other cultures. For example, they can ask how the relationship can be settled. The fourth level of interc ultural communication competence learning is analyzing communication episodes. After they understand more about other cultures, they are able to analyze the way to behave and communicate to others. They have moreShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Interpersonal Communication And Intercultural Communication Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts, one of which being the differences between intercultural and interpersonal communication. Intercultural communication is defined as â€Å"the process that occurs when members of two or more cultures or co-cultures exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems, both verbal and nonverbal† (Adler et al., 2015, pg. 40). While most interactions seem to have some sense of intercultural aspect due to the great diversity not only in race butRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication, And Interpersonal Communication850 Words   |  4 Pagestime. Intercultural communication is the term given to communication that takes place between people whose cultural beliefs values and behaviours differ from one another (Buchanan 2015, p. 44). Cultural knowledge that is developed through socialisation and transferred from one generation to the next, shapes the way people communicate both verbally and nonverbally. It influences an individual’s perception of the world which in turn impacts intrapersonal communication; self-talk, and interpersonal communication;Read MoreInterpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication And Communication1699 Words   |  7 Pagesliving. My friend Vikas, told me everything he had to do and the struggles he conquered in order to make his own successful business here in the U.S. Some things he told be reminded me of interpersonal communication, intercultural communication, and intracultural communication. He had to have a lot of communication with his friend who also happened to be from India and some new friends and colleagu es he met through his journey. Of course there was homesickness and the occasional depression, but thatRead MoreUnderstanding Intercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication Essay847 Words   |  4 Pages4. Understanding intercultural communication in interpersonal communication, greatly influence the way one delivers a message. For example, before one delivers a message, they have to take into consideration the receivers culture and whether it is high- or low- context. Knowing the difference between high- and low- context cultures is important. High-context cultures are collectivist cultures, and low-context cultures are individualistic cultures. Collectivist cultures believe that the group’s goalsRead MoreHow Adolescence Should Be Given Opportunities For Communication Among Individuals From Different Cultures1399 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity to communicate and form bonds with individuals from another culture so that they may form intercultural friendships in a nation that continues to grow increasingly diverse. This paper explores five published articles pertaining to communication among individuals from different cultures. More specifically focusing on intercultural friendships and the importance of creating opportunities for communication across cultures in adolescents. This paper recognizes a study by the University of WisconsinRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagessocial issue or things taught in class. In this paper I will talk about the use of interpersonal, intercultural concepts, racism/stereotyping and Knapps conflict strategies. The main characters in this movie all connect with each other and they don’t even know it .In â€Å"Crash† taking place in Los Angeles, there are 10 Important characters that all end up connected to each other through interpersonal communication. You have two white LAPD officers John and Hansen, the African-American couple CameronRead More The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesThe Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory According to William B. Gudykunst in his article A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters, the uncertainty reduction theory explains initial interactions between two strangers from the same culture. Studies, however, suggest this theory can also be extended to interpersonal communication between two people from different cultures. Uncertainty refers to how well you can accurately predict how strangers will behave during theirRead MoreIntercultural Mediation in a Postmodern World1717 Words   |  7 PagesThis presentation will focus on mediation and the very notion of intercultural mediator in a postmodern world. Mediation is the process of intercultural transformation for all parties involved and also a learning resource in newly constructed spaces of social interactions. Mediation refers to an intercultural spatiality (the socially produced space (Lefebvre 1991), which is not static but constitutive of social relations (Rick, 1997). Here it is useful to adopt Lefebvre’s unitary theory of spaceRead MoreNon-Verbal Communication and Inter-Cultural Communication Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages Nonverbal communication is defined as the approach of conveying information and data by using speech, visuals, signs , behavior etc. Approximately 65% of the communication takes place through nonverbal attributes. Generally communication takes place with three steps. FIRST Is the thought or idea that comes in the mind of the sender. SECOND is the encoding which means sending message to the receiver in a particular gesture or sign or via a particular medium. THIRD is decoding of message which meansRead MoreIntercultural Competence Worksheet Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesMaterial Intercultural Competence Worksheet Part 1: Short Paragraph Instructions: Respond to each question below with at least 150 words, using complete sentences. Additionally, include an example from the reading materials that supports your position. 1. What does â€Å"intercultural† communication mean to you? Intercultural communication to me means many things. It mainly means the way that people communicate throughout the different cultures that they derive from. Intercultural communication

Is Diabetes A Serious Medical Condition - 1269 Words

Diabetes is a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to properly process food for use as energy. Most of what we eat is processed into glucose, a sugar the body requires to maintain normal and healthy function. Once glucose is produced and stored in the liver, it is released into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body for use by organs, muscle, and tissue. Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas, is responsible to help glucose enter the body’s cells where it will be utilized as the primary source of fuel. When a person’s pancreas can’t make enough insulin to meet their need or their body is unable to use its own insulin effectively, they are said to be diabetic. Without appropriate access to†¦show more content†¦The reasons for this disparity are most likely manifold and may be attributable to: ï‚ · Social and environmental barriers to health care access. ï‚ · Lack of health promotion programs that target the DD population. ï‚ · Limited opportunities for meaningful physical activity. ï‚ · Limited understanding and participation in healthy lifestyle practices. ï‚ · Increased exposure to medications that raise blood sugar levels. Clearly the population we serve is at high risk for developing diabetes and diabetic related complications. Understanding this fact helps to underscore the importance of our need for diabetic awareness and the need to provide supports that help our participants to prevent and/or control the diabetic disease process. Types of Diabetes There are three main types of diabetes: ï‚ · Type 1 – With type 1 diabetes the body does not produce insulin to convert food into the energy needed for healthy day to day living. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed early in life when a person is a child or young adult. As there is no cure for type 1 diabetes, people inflicted with it will need lifelong insulin therapy coupled with a healthy lifestyle to live a long and happy life. ï‚ · Type 2 – With type 2 diabetes the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to meet the body’s needs or the body does not have the ability to properly utilize it. Type 2 diabetes is normally acquired

The Transgender Population Risk, Resilience And Clinical...

In Trauma in Transgender Populations: Risk, Resilience and Clinical Care Mizock and Lewis explains factors that put the transgender population at risk such as working in the sex industry or being targets of hate crimes. (Mizock Lewis, 2011, p. 336). This article also sheds light on some strategies and types of resources that can build resilience in transgender people. Mizock and Lewis gave a thorough description of what it means to be transgender, transsexual, transman etc. as these terms can often be misused and misapplied to this population. This article highlights some common traumatic experiences shared among the transgender population and how transphobia is contributing to this problem. (Mizock Lewis, 2011, p.336). I feel this†¦show more content†¦To imagine the thoughts and emotions a transgender can experience in effort to obtain a regular 9-5 job, who may feel so helpless and desperate that they decide to become a sex worker is frightening to me. I also didnâ€⠄¢t know transgender sex workers take â€Å"street hormones† in order to make themselves more â€Å"marketable† (Mizock Lewis, 2011, p.340). Prior to reading the article, I thought the transitioning process for transgenders was more accessible such as receiving the necessary hormone medications. Another risky behavior I was unaware of is among transwomen who â€Å"cut themselves in order to draw blood once a month to mimic the menstrual cycle† (Mizock Lewis, 2011, p.343). Although I understand the purpose of the cut, I don’t understand the purpose of the cut. It seems like transgender people are at a battle with themselves about who they want to be versus what the world dictates on how they should be. Not to go off topic but New York seems to be one of the most welcoming places for groups of different cultures and sub populations. I’m not saying hate crimes don’t happen to any marginalized groups in New York but I feel overall we’re very accepting of everyone. I’m beginning to wonder is it because I’ve lived in New York for so long that I’m blinded to what experiences marginalizedShow MoreRelatedTransgender Women And Depression : Cbt Approaches3770 Words   |  16 PagesTransgender women and Depression: CBT Approaches This paper will address the following topics in relation to applying TA-CBT strategies to Transgender women contending with depression. Why depression is a problem among transgender women, how CBT can be applied to working with women who are dealing with depression, the history and development of CBT, how TA-CBT can be used in practice, and evidence that supports the application of TA-CBT in treating depression among Transgender women. By utilizingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmethods used in studies of organizational behavior.) Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. For example, we want doctors to make decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence, and EBM argues that managers should do the same, becoming more scientific in how they think about managem ent problems. A manager might pose a managerial question, search for the best available evidence, and apply

Ecological Integrity At Risk for the Cadron Creek...

The Cadron Creek watershed covers approximately 775 square miles and is composed mostly of forests (48%) and grassland (37%). However, a pending permit, AR0052086C, would allow a centralized waste treatment facility to discharge, recycled fracking fluid waste waters into an unnamed tributary located within the Cadron Creek watershed. This unnamed tributary flows directly into Linn Creek, which would then feed into the north fork of the Cadron and eventually into the Arkansas river (ADEQ 2013). The Cadron Creek, located within the Arkansas river basin, is listed by the US Army Corps of Engineers as an extraordinary resource water body or ERWB (USACE 2013). ERWBs are important, because they satisfy a broad range of socio-economic, cultural,†¦show more content†¦Headwater streams are of particular interest, because they have much smaller catchment sizes in relation to larger rivers and thus are more readily altered by land transformations (Meyer 2007). Land transformation as a result of anthropogenic effects continues to be one of the biggest threats to the ecological integrity of headwater streams today. Land transformation induced by human alterations to the landscape, have been shown to have negative impacts on habitat, water quality, and the biota of natural waterways (Allan 2004). For instance, in 2004 Gage found that macro invertebrates were negatively impacted by anthropogenic mediated land use, which often lead to declines and even eliminations of sensitive taxa from the stream (Gage et. al. 2004). Urbanization is considered to be one of the driving forces behind land transformation and is mainly responsible for increases in impervious surface area. Increases in impervious surface area have led to the rapid conveyance of storm waters, resulting in the increased presence of oils, metals, and road salts within surface waters (Moore et. al. 2005). The increased presence of these solutes are leading to variations in ionic concentrations that deviate from natural concentrations, thus altering the conductivity within the water systems. Conductivity is the measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical

Ethics Final Free Essays

Humans decided to start categorizing, and grouping humans based on various things. Research shows that man is of but one kind, and not like an animal of several species (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Humans have assumed that because people with different skin color, different cultural beliefs, or different ways of thinking that they must be of a different biological race (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Society has created everything from what foods to eat, what music to listen to, to what they teach their children and true generations about acceptance of each other and passing on racial beliefs. Politicians and people of wealth have been notorious for labeling groups and racial profiling to get the higher up so to speak, or to create justification in the community. Race began simply a categorization of physical biological characteristics such as hair type, shape of the eyes and nose, and skin color (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). White was white, and black was black; then came the categorizing of additional attributes such as afro-textured hair and large noses on African Americans, or olive skin, slanted yes, and shiny Jet black hair in Asians. Biologically speaking there is nothing as simple as black and white. For many, many years people have relocated or traveled all over the world and mingled and procreated with other races which has now mixed traits, and been passed down generation after generation. It seems virtually Impossible to truly Identify a person’s race, because I find It hard to believe there would be any â€Å"purebreds† during this day and age. 2. How has the media contributed to prejudice and discrimination against Asian Americans? How might these problems be remedied? The media has contributed to the prejudice and discrimination against Asian American in several ways that demonstrate insensitivity and biased reporting. According to our textbook, the media has had a negative Impact on the views of Aslant Americans by using Inappropriate clicks, mistaken Identity, personalization, using ethnic slurs, biased and inflammatory reporting, bashing their native Japan, media Invisibility, and even model minority which sets the positive standards of Aslant Americans too high (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Stereotyping them as a â€Å"model minority† creases tenet chances AT acceptance when It comes to social programs, employment, and other social ills (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Asian Americans are often times viewed as well-educated and successful. Little does society notice that these Asian Americans do not normally hold high corporate positions, rather they are running their small own business and employ their family, taking care of one another as best they can. The media and even entertainment honchos never embrace Asian Americans as athletes or potential celebrities with mainstream roles. Asian Americans are never heard and asked for their input when the media is addressing problems in their community, as well when it comes to issues regarding Asia (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). These problems of negative portrayal against Asian Americans held by the media can be remedied by first of all overcoming the idea that they are a â€Å"model minority’ and realize that they work hard, love their families, sought the United States to live the â€Å"American Dream† and try to escape poverty. The media can choose their words wisely refraining from any slur words or phrases such as â€Å"Asian Invasion† or â€Å"Orient Express†. The media should also express the increased population in areas of heavy Asian descent I also believe the media should tell or write stories of influence such as Asian Americans striving in America, working 7 days a week to make ends meet. I think the media should exploit the poverty side of the Asian American community to help decrease the model minority views so they may be eligible for more minority programs. References Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Racial and ethnic groups (10th deed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. How to cite Ethics Final, Papers